Automatic safety control for cinematograph and lixe machines



R. M. GEYER. AUTOMATIC SAFETY CONTROL FOR CINEMATOGHAVH AND LIKE MACHINES. Awu'cmou mu) MM 2a. 1919.

1,384,947. Patented July 19, 1921.

13 SHEETS-SHEET 1 l/vvzu TOR ROY MRCUS GEYER ATTORNE/s.

R. M. GEYER. Y AUTOMATIC SAFETY CONTROL FOR CINEMATOGRAPH AND UKE MACHINES.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 28- I919 1,384,947. 7 Patented July 19, 1921.

I3 SHEETSSHEET 2.

l/WENTOR PER- AT TORNEY-S.

H. M. GEYER.

AUTOMATIC SAFETY CONTROL FOR CINEMATOGHAPH AND LIKE MACHNES.

APPLICATION mm MAY 28. 1919.

1,384,947. 4 Patenwd July 19, 1921.

!3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

L MARCUS GEYER R. M. GEYER. AUTOMATIC SAFETY CONTROL FORCINEMATOGRAPH AND LIKE MACHINES.

APPLICATION FILED MAYZH. 1919.

1,384, 94:7. Patenwd July 19, 1921.

" x3 SHEETSSHEEI 4.

INVENTOR W R. M. GEYER.

AUTOMATIC SAFETY CONTROL FOR CINEMATOGRAPH AND LIKE MACIHNES.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 21% I919.

l3 SHEETSSHET 5.

/NVENTOR fib MARCUS GEYER J ER Arrow/5x 5 a. M. GEYER. AUTOMATIC SAFETY CONTROL FOR CINEMATOGRAPH AND LIKE MACflINES. APPLICATION FILED IIIAYZB. IQIB.

1,384,947, Patented July 19, 1921.

13 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

/NVENTOR ROY MRc-us GEYER ATTDQNEYS.

R. M. GEYERQ AUTOMATIC SAFETY CONTROL FOR CINEMATOGRAPH AND LIKE MACHtNES.

APPLICATION nun mm 28. 1919.

Patented July 19, 1921.

:3 susirs-sursr I.

ZNvE/v TOR R0 YMARu/s GEYER Pig Wavy

ATTORNEYS R. M. GEYER.

AUTOMATIC SAFETY CONTROL FOR CINEMATOGRAPH AND LIKE MACHINES.

APPIICATTUN FILED MAYZB, 1919.

[3 SHEETSSHEET 8.

2 y F 9 o o i I (i gig G T e 15 g 12 afo- 4 w ROYMARCUS GEYER PER R. M. GEYER.

AUTOMATIC SAFETY CONTROL FOR CINEMATOGRAPH AND UKE MACHINiS.

APPLICATION mm MAY 28. 1929.

1,384,947. Patented July 19,1921.

!3 SHEETS-SHEET 9.

H. M. GEYER. AUTOMATIC SAFETY CONTROL FOR CINEMATOGRAPH AND LIKE MACHINES. APPLICATION HLED MAY2B.19I9. 1384,5347. Patented July 19, 1921.

13 SHEETS-SHEET l0.

R. M. GEYER.

AUTOMATIC SAFETY CONTROL FOR CINEMATOGRAPH AND LIKE MACHINES.

APPUfiATION FILED MAYZB. 1919.

Patented July 19, 1921.

I3 SHEETS-SHEET H- /NVE/V 70/? W Alma 5 R. M. GEYER.

AUTOMATIC SAFETY CONTROL F'OR-CINEMATOGRAPH AND LlKE MACHINES.

APPLICATION FILED mvza. 1919.

1,384,947. f Patented July 19, 1921.

I3 SHEETSSHEEI l2.

R. M. GEYER. AUTOMATIC SAFETY CONTROL FOR CINEMATOGRAPH AND UKE MACHINES. APPucmou FILED MAY 25. 1919.

1,384,947. Pdtented July 19, 1921.

14 W H P ROY MARCUS GEYER. PICTURE PALACE, MUSSOORIE, INDIA.

AUTOMATIC SAFETY CONTROL FOR CDVEMATOGRAPH AND LIKE MACHINES.

Application filed May 2a,

T 0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, RoY Masons QEYER, subject of the King of Great Britain and Ireland, residing at Picture Palace, Mussoorie, India, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Automatic Safety Control for Cinematograph and like Machines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to automatic-safety control for cinematograph and like machines and has for its primary object the provision of means in this class of machine rendering it impossible for therays of light to reach the film if at anytime the film should be stationary.

A secondary ob'ect of the invention 1s to provide means whereby the rays of light from the projecting machine will be automatically out off from the screen when reaching the end of a film.

be stationary in the machine when the light is on. may be briefiy summarized as follows 1-- (1). 'hen the driving belt comes off or breaks.

(2). When a defect develops in the motor such as the seizing of bearings.

(3). \Vhen a defect develops in the projecting machine such as the seizing of its bearings.

4). \Vhen the motor circuit fuse blows. i5). \Vhen the film breaks below the gate. (6). When the film has a few perforations torn upon each side so that the intermittent sprocket is unable to move it.

(7). W hen a fresh film has just been put in the machine and before the machine has been started.

Further my apparatus will operate to cut off the light rays from the film when the take-up spool fails to take up the film coming away from the machine.

According to my invention I provide between the light and the film gate, a safety shutter which isfnormally locked in a position in which it prevents the light rays from reaching the film. and locking mechanism which normally prevents said shutter from being moved, and automatic means for unlocking said locking mechanism which Specification of Letters Patent.

iPatented July 1'9,-1921.

1919. Serial 1w. 300,460.

means operates only when the has reached a certain predetermined speed.

A second shutter hereinafter called the intermediate shutter capable of cutting off the light rays from the film is provided adjacent to the safety shutter. Mechanism controlling the movement of these two shutters is provided, and is so arranged that,

,before the safetyshutter can be opened, the film must have reached a predetermined speed of travel through the gate and the intermediate shutter must be closed. \Vhen this control mechanism has been operated to open the safety shutter. the motion of the control mechanism is reversed and the intermediate shutter is opened.

Mechanism is provided whereb whenever the film becomes statiopary in tie machine and the light is on, thesafety shutter will close automatically, and become locked auto matically. The circumstances in which the film may My invention'also comprises means for controlling the lights of the hall in which the machine is being used.this light controlling mechanism being arranged so that the hall lights are automatically cut off when the rejecting machine is operating satisfactori y and so that the hall lights are automatically restored in the case of certain selected stoppages.

In order to carr out the secondary object of my inventioml provide a third shutter hereinafter called the lens shutter adapted to cover the front of the lens so as to cut oil the light from the screen just prior to the termination'of a film. Other objects of my invention will be apparent from the following description.

The accompanying drawings illustrate by way of example one method of carrying my invention into practice.

Figure 1 is a view'in side elevation showing a projecting machine fitted with my invention. U

Fig. 2 is a view looking in the direction of the arrow on Fig. 1 showing the safety shutter and its controlling mechanism.

Fig. 3 is a side view of the ocking de: vice for the safety shutter.

Fig. 4 is a plan view of said loclgng device.

Fi 5 is a view lookin in a direction is g ' governor switch.

opposite to the arrow in Fig. 1 showing the intermediate shutter.

ig. 11 ari end view corresponding with Fig. 9. p

ig.12 is an,en1arged detail view of the Fig. 13 is a side view of two of the switches and their operating means. F' 14 is a fragmentary end view correspoliding with Fi 13 Fig. 15 is a si e vlew showing the lens shutter and its operatingimeans.

Fig. 16 is the wiring. agram.'

Fig.1? is a, view looking n the direction Hof the arrow on Fig. 1.

Fig. 18 is a. sectional side elevation of the operating mechanism for the safety and intermediateshutters.

, Fi 19 is a front elevation corresponding to Fig. 18.

Figs. 20 to 25 are fragmentary views 7 showing details.

Fig. 26 is'a front'view of one of the locking devices. for the safety shutter.

Fig. 27 isa similar view to F 1g. 17 showing a portion of the mechanism to an enlar ed scale;

. ig. 28 is a diagram showing the complete apparatus.

taiis of the switch.'

ig. 29 shows a modification to the wiring diagram shown in F ig. 16.

I 1 30 shows a modification to the appare us shown in Fig. 9.

81 is a crspective view of the switch illustrated in ig. 30. Figs. 32, 33 and 34 are views showing de- F'ig. 35 is a perspective view showing an im roved form of governor switch.

Fig. 36 is a plan of the improved governor switch.

' Fig. 37 is a fragmentary View in front elevation of a portion of the apparatus for releasing the switches denoted 7 and 10.

Fig. 38 shows a portion 'of the apparatis shown in Fig. 37 to an enlarged scale.

Fig. 39 shows a modified form of the catch "mechanism operating in conjunction with the switches 7 and 12.

Fig. 40 illustrates a revised wiring dia gram for the apparatus.

Referring to Fig. 16 two independent provided with means, such as a spring.

whereby it is normally open. This circuit has a shunt circuit connected to it which operates when the switch '4 is open. The shunt circuit includes the fuse 1, the motor 2, the regulator 3, a switch 6, a switch 7, a switch 8, which is normally closed but which can be used for breaking the circuit when required, and the second fuse 5.

The motor circuit has also a second shunt circuit which includes the governor switch 9, an electro-ma net 10, and a resistance 11.

The hall lighting circuit includes a switch 12, a second switch 13, and the hall lights 14.

The conditions prior to starting a picture are as follows Switches 12 and 13 are closed so that the hall lights are on. Switclffi is open and switch 7 is closed. The governor switch 9 is open and switch 4. is open but switch 8 is closed. The device 3 is a speed regulator only and cannot be used for stopping the motor. Priorto starting a picture, it will be on the lowest speed.

Prior to startin a picture the film will be threaded throug the projecting machine, the safety shutter will be closed, the intermediate shutter-will beopen and the lens shutter will be open and the light in the projecting machine will he on. The operator is unable to move the safety shutter as it'is locked by mechanism hereinafter described.

In starting the picture the first operation is to close the switch 4 by hand and hold it closed, which causes the motor to run at a slow speed. The regulating device 3 is then operated to obtain the desired motor speed. lhen this speed is reached the governor switch 9 closes automatically, and electromagnetlO becomes energized. This electromagnet serves through mechanism hereinafter described to release the locking device of the safety shutter. Further, when the electro-magnet 10 is energized the switch 6 closes automatically, so that both the shunt circuits of themoto'r circuit are now complate. The switches-'6 and 13 are inter connected so that when the switch 6 closes, the switch 13 is automatically opened thus putting out t..e hall lights. When this has occurred the switch 5 is allowed to open, the motor and projecting machine now running on the shunt circuit.

.The operator is nowablc to move the safety shutter. in doing this the shutter operating mechanism first closes the inter mediate shutter. The safety shutter is then opened and is retained in its open position by a device controlled by the electro-magnet 10. The shutter controlling mechanism is then reversed and serves to open the intermediate shutter. When. this has been done the picture will be on the screen.

Referring particularly to Fig. 1 the upper spool is shown at 15 and the lower spool at 16 and the film at 17. The light is placed in a position as indicated at 18 and the lens at 19. The safety shutter 20 is attached to a heat insulating plate 21 and the intermediate shutter 43 is on the opposite side of the plate 21.- The lens shutter is shown at 23; The switches 6 and 13 are behind the electro-magnet 10 and the switches 7 and 12 are shown below the sprockets 24.

Referring particularly to Figs. 2, 3, and 4, the safety shutter 20 is shown in full lines covering an aperture 25 in the plate 21 and its alternative or 0 en position is shown in dot and dash line. he shutter 20 is carried by a bar 26 pivoted at 27 to the plate 21. A spring 28 is provided attached at one end to the bar 26 and at the other end to a projection 29 on the plate '21. This spring tends to keep the shutter 20 in its closed po sition. Any other means for effecting this end may be used such for instance as a weight. l i

y A lug 30 is provided upon the bar 26 and to this lug is pivotally attached a link 31 the other end of which is pivotally at.

tached to a lever'32 pivoted to the plate 21 at 33.

The shutter 20 is normally kept locked in its closed position by a movable plate 34.

This plate is bent as shown clearly in Fig. 4

and it is attached to a vertical rod 35 pass ing down the back of plate 21 and there sup ported in suitable bearings. An opening 36 is provided in the late 21 in order that the plate 34 may pro ect therethrough. Near the lower end of the rod 35 is fixed a bent rod 37 which projects through an opening 38 in the plate 21. A stop 137 is provided to limit the closing movement of shutter 20.

It will be seen from Figs. 2, 3 and 4, that the plate 34 normally serves to retain the bar 26 in the position shown in full lines. If however, the rod 37 is moved to one side the rod 35 will be partially rotated and thus move the plate 34 out of alinemen-t with the bar 26 thus enabling the safety shutter to move. When the rod 37 is released it will automatically return to the position shown in full lines by reason of the fact that a weight 39 is provided suspended b a chain 40 passing over a pulley 41 whic weight tends to keep the plate 34 in the posit. :2 shown in full lines. A screwed adjustable stop 42 is provided to limit the motion pro duced by the weight 39. It should also be intermediate observed that when the locking plate 34 has place of the weight 39 a spring or any other equivalent device may be used. 7

The intermediate, shutter 43 is disposed upon the opposite side of the plate 21 from the safety shutter 20 and is shown in Fig. 5. This intermediate shutter consists of two ,sliding members 44 and 45 which operate to close the aperture 25 by sliding toward each other until their edges meet. This construction of shutter is well known and nee not be described in further detail.

The operating mechanism for the shutters 43 and 20 is however novel and is shown clearly in Figs. 2. 5, 6, 7 and'8. This operating mechanism is mounted on a spindle 46 fixed in a bearing carried by the plate 21. The s indle 46 carries a three-armed lever 47. be two opposite arms of this lever are provided with projecting pins 48 which ongage in slots 49 in the members 44 and 45. The third arm 50 of the lever 47 normally rests against a pin 51 upon a bell crank lever 52 which is 'also mo'unted on the spindle 46. The lever 52 is provided with a handle 53- and its other free end is provided with a roller 54 which is adapted when the lever is rotated, to come into contact with the free end of the lever 32.

with a spring 55 which tends to close the shutter, this spring being attached at. one end to the 'lever 47 and at the other end to a in upon the plate 21.

he lever 52 is provided with a sprin pressed catch 56 which is pivoted to said lever at :17, This catch is provided with a handle 58 at its free end, this handle consisting of a piece of plate bent around the lever .52 and having lugs 59 upon each side of said lever which limits its motion. The catch is pressed by a spring 60 so that its normal position is that shown in full lines in'F ig. 6. I When in this position the catch 56 engages a pin 61 upon an adjustable collar 62'upon the spindle 46. The angular position of the pin 61 can be altered, at will as it is locked to a collar 63 which is fixed to the spindle 46 by a set screw 64, the looking arrangement consistihg of the pin 65 carried b the collar 63 and which can be adjusted into any one of the holes 66 in the collar 62.

It will be seen that in this arrangement the lever 52 is normally kept stationary by the engagement of the catch 56 with the pin 61, and the shutter 43 is normally kept-open by reason of the lever arm 50 resting against p n 51. When it is desired to operate the two shutters (assuming themaehine to be running and the locking plate 34 to have moved clear of the bar 26) the handle 58 of the catch 56 is moved to the position shown in dot and dash lines in Fig. 6 thus releasing the catch 56 from the pin 61. The handle 53 of the lever 52 can now be moved so that the pin 51 will allow; the lever arm 50 to move under the tension of the s ring 55; This movement is-continued unt' the shutter 43 is completely closed. Further movement of the handle 53 brings the roller 54 into contact with the lever 32 (see Fig. 2) and continued movement will completely open the safety shutter 20. When this shut ter is completely open it is retained in its open position by a device hereinafter described. The handle 53 is now moved back into its original position and'as it dew so the pin 51 engages'the lever army50 and moves the lever 47 until the intermediate shutter 43 is completely opened. This shut: ter is locked open, by'the catch 56 reengagingithe pin 61.

eferring to Figs. 9, 10, and 11 which, show the electro-magnet 10, resistance 11, and the switches 6 and 13, and the connecting mechanism. The armature 65 of the" electro-magnet 10 is attached to a lever 66 pivoted at 67 to a small standard 68. The motion of the lever 66 is limited by a screwed stop 69 and the electro-magnet works in opposition to an adjustable spring 70. The free end of the lever 66 engages the end of a lever 71 pivoted at 72 to the standard 68. The other end of the lever 71 is connected by a link 73 to a bell crank lever74 pivoted at 75 to a standard 76. Thelever 74 is provided with two transverse rods 77, 78 and the other end of the lever 74 is provided with a transverse rod 79. A transverse lever 80 is provided, pivoted at 81 and provided with two pins 82, 83 and a weight or its equivalent 84 at one end. Upon the pivot 75 are mounted levers 88 and 86 carrymg the switch members 6 and 13. Each switch member is provided with a properly insulated conducting member, adapted to make contact with a corresponding insulated conducting member fixed to the insulating base 85. The contacting points of these switches are preferably rovided with platinum tips. urther in or er to provide for the correct alinement of these contacts the levers 86 and 88 are each adjustable along the spindle 75 and also the members 6 and 13 are adjustable along the levers by which they are carried. The lever member 86 which carriesthe switch 13 is provided weight of its lonierend to ether with the weight of the 'lin 73 is so cient to move the bell crank lever 74' into the position shown in dot and dash lines. The motion of this lever 74 is arrested by its coming into contact with the end of the lever 71. The effect of the lever 74 moving into its alternative position isto allow the transverse pin 79 to drop clear of the pin 83. This enables the transverse lever 80 to swing in its pivot 81 under the influence of the weight 84. When this motion has taken place the pin 83 will drop clear of the pin 89 thus allowing the switch member 6 to drop until it makes contact with its corresponding terminal upon the base 85. ,At-the same time the pin 82 will on age with the pin 87 and raise the lever 86 t us opening the switch 13. When the electro-magnet 1O ceases to be energized the spring causes a reversal of the action, the switch 6 being opened and the switch 13 being closed. I

Referringnow' to Fig f2 it will be seen that when the armature 652 has been moved down and the lever 74 consequently moved into the position shown in dot and dash lines, the transvelse pin 7 7 has moved into a position in which it supports the safety shutter 20 in'its open position. Before the pin 77 reaches this position the pin 78 will have moved the rod 7 in a manner to unlock the plate 34 from the bar 26. It will be understood that the plate 34 is first released from the bar 26, the safety shutter is then opened by hand in the manner described and the pin..77 finally comes into place to support the safety shutter in its open position. -Referring to Figs. 1 and 12 the governor switch 9 is carried by a lever 90 which is similar in construction to the levers 86 and 88. The lever 90 is ivoted at 91 and is provided with a second arm 92. The arm 92 is engaged by a rod 93 which is carried by the sliding part 94 of the governor 95.' The governor 95 may be mounted on any convenient rotating spindle of the machine and it works by centrifugal action in the well known manner, the arrangement being such that the rod 93 keeps the switch 9 open until a predetermined speed has been reached when the rod 93 will move into the position shown in dot and dash lines enulled down and is held abling the "to drop and,make-con-.

and 13', it will be'seen that these'are mount ed on an insulating base, immediate] beneath a sprocket 12 9. Each of the switches 7 and 12 includes a lever, marked 100and respectively. These levers are 'mounted if a short length of film has its perforations loosely side by side upon a pivot 101, mouiit ed in a suitable standard 102. The lever 99 is provided with a transverse pin 103 which passes beneath the lever 100 the arrangement being such that the lever 100 can move up independently of the lever. 99 but. the lever 99 cannot move up without also "lifting the lever 100. y Y

The lever 99 is provided with asecond arm 104 and this arm is provided with a transverse pin 105; A" cranked lever 106 mounted on a spindle 107 and rovided with a handle 108 is provided ad ia'oent to the lever arm 104 As will be seen from :1 reference to Fig. 13 the lever 106 has a recess 109 upon its under side which is adapted toengage with the pin 105 when the lever 99 has been raised. The lever 106 in" this way serves to support both levers 99 and 100 in their raised positions until the lever'106is released by the operator by means of the handle 108. e I i j Adjacent to the switches 7 and 12 and pivoted at 110 to a suitable part ofthe machine casing 111 aretwo levers 112 and 113. The lever 112 is curved as shown and provided with two slots 114 and 115. Adjustably secured in the slot 114 is the spindle 116 "of a roller 117 which normally rests upon film 17. Adjustably secured within the slot 115 is a spindle 118wvhich projects from the plane of the lever 112. r

The lever 113 has one end as shown heneath the spindle 118 while its other end is provided with a transverse pin 119 which lies beneath a pin 120 secured on the lever 100.

The arrangement is such that when that part of the film 17. which is beneath the roller 117 becomes'sleck or breaks, or when -there is no film in position, the lever 112 drops into the position shown in dot and dash lines, thus allowing the spindle 113 to depress one end of the lever 113, thus causing the pin 119 to raise the lever 100 which curries the pin 120. thus opening the switch 7 without opening the witch 12.

Pivoted at 121 to a suitable part of the machine casing 111 is a lever 122 one end lever 106 is released by the operator.

of which is adjacent to and capable of engaging with the transverse pin 105. The"j other end of the lever 122 is pivotallycon-e Basses over the intermittent sprocket 24 just eforu-eaching the roller 12?, then between the member 126 and the sprocket. 129, and. from there it passes beneath, and supports the roller 117." It will therefore be seen that the two levers 99 and so as to open bot switches 7 and 12. When in this position the pin will engage in the recess 109 in l ven 106 and will remain there until the v Referring'to Fig. 15, pivoted at 130 to an extension of the machine casing is a bell crank lever l31, the Vertical arm of which is pivotally'conhected to a link 132 which has a roller 133 at its end. The other end of the lever 131 is pivotally attached to the lens shutter 23. The lens shutter 23 is provided with a pin at 134 which works ma 105 vertical slot 135 in a fixed guide member 136.. A reference to Figs. 15 and 1 will show that the roller 133 is normally supported-by the film 17 near the upper spool 15. When the end of the film, leaves the spoo 15 (see the dot and dash lines, Fig. 15) t e roller 133 is released thus allowing parts 132, 131 and 23 to drop down into the positions shown in dot and dash lines, in wlnch posi1.

tion the lens shutter 23 obscures the lens 19.

In operation the possibility of the film igniting owing to its being stationary or traveling too slowly when the light is on, is guarded against by reason of the fact that the safety shutter 20 will always close automatically immediately the current of the electromagnet 10 fails. Any defect in the motor or the belt drive or in the bearings of the projecting machine itself will immediatelv cause either a stoppage or such a slowing down ofthe governor 95 that the switch 9 will be opened and directly this occurs the armature 65 will be released from the electromagnet 10 with the results that the lever 71 and link 73 will cause the lever 74 13b to return to the position shown in full lines in Figs 9 and 2, thus bringing the rods 77 and 78 clear of the safety shutter 20 which closes automatically under the-influence of the springs 28. Once this shutter has closed it becomes automatically locked b the plate 34 and it cannot again be unlocks or moved until the film has attained a safe speed. It will be understood that it is advisable for the essential arts of the safety shutter mechanism to inclosed so that it will not be possible for the operator to release the Fig. 13) the switch 7 will be opened as previousl described without 0 rung switch 12. A ref eremce to Fig. 16 show that the ppening of switch will b'r' about an immediate slowing down and nally a stoppage of the motor which causes the safety shutter 20 to close automaticall at once. When this occurs the switch 6 will be opened and the switch 13 automatically closed as deseribedwith reference to F i 9, 10 and 11, so that the switchw 13 an 12 are now both closed and the hall lights will consequently bewumed' on.

When

the bottom spool fails to take up" the film an exactly similar action takes place as the roller 117 will be allowed to drop owin to the slackness of the lower part of the In this case the danger is not an immediate one but it'is inadn'sable to have a lengthof loose which is notbeing properly taken up on the spool.

The action when the film has a few perforations torn on each side has alread been described with reference to Fig. 13. in this case both the switches 7 and 12 are raised thus causing a slowing down and finally a stoppage of the motor. When this stoppage occurs the motor switch 6 will be opened in the manner described with reference to Figs. 9, 10 and 11, and the switch 13 will be closed. As an interruption due to this cause is usually only a short one, the hall light will not be he switched on automatically. This will be prevented by the fact that in this case the switch 12 is open in addition to the switch 7.

In case a film should have been threaded in the machine anflthe operator should turn on the light before starting the film (which may occur if he has forgotten or is unaware that there is a film in the machine) no danger will arise as the safety shutter will lv closed and it will not be possible for any one to open it until the film has attained a certain speed.

I will now describe certain modifications Should the lm break below the gate (see to the apparatus which have been illustrateo in Figs. 17 to 40.

In carryin out my invention I may dis- V pense with t e spring on the operating lever 53 as shutter 43 normally is open owing to the tension of a spring.

, Referring to. Fig. 18, 180 is an extension of plate 21. 181 182 are guides for sliding plates 183, 184 for-mi the intermediate shutter 43. These gui es are fixed to plate"21 and extension 180 by screws; and distance tubes 185, 186 intervene between the ides and the plate 21, in order to allow t e three armed lever 47 sufficient room to work in. This three armed lever is pivoted to the extension 180 of plate 21, the pivot screwing into the block 187 which is fixed to late/180. The Shape of the block 187 is sliown in Fi 19, and the slides 183, 184 of the interm iate shutter 43 are provided with projecting pins 188, 189. The ends of the two long arms of lever 47 have slots 190, 191, and the pins 188, 189 engage in these slots. A plate 192 is fixed over the guides 181, 182 by the nuts 193, 194. An opening is made in the plate 192 to allow the light rays to pass on to the ma chine. Aspindle 195 is fixed to the block 187 by a pin 196. Fixed on the spindle 195 by a a cam 19 the shape of which is shown in Fig. 20. Next to cam 197 is a collar or disk 198 which has a cam 200 as shown in Fig. 21. Next to disk 198 is a disk 202 with a projectingarm 203, Fig. 22. To the free end of the projecting u is pivotally attached a link 212 the rec end of which is pivotally attached to the free end of lever 32; Next to disk 202 is/the operating lever 53, a pin 204 connecting this lever with the cam disk 198. Next to the lever 53" is a collar 209 rigidly fixed to the spindle 195. On the face of the collar are a series of depressions 208 (Figs. 23 and 24) corresponding with the angular positions at A, B, C, D, E, Fi 17. On the lever 53' is :1 lug 205 on which is fixed one end of a flat steel spring 206 to the free end of which a button 207 is fixed. The lever 53 will kee in any of the positions A, B, C, D, E, ig. 17) owing to the button 207 on the spring 206 being in one of the depressions shown in Fig. 23. When the lever is in any other ition than A ll. D, or E, the button gfll ride on the fare of the check or collar209. A handle 21", (Fig. 18) is provided to make it more mu venient to move the lever. The operator will know by the button clicking into one of the depressions that the lever has completed a movement.

The thrcearmed lever 47 is shown in its normal position in dotted lines in Fig. 19 and its short arm has a transverse pin on which is a roller 301, which works in a slot 213 made iii the plate 180. The roller 301 rests on the cam disk 197, which raises this arm when the lever 53" is moved down thus the intermediate shutter 43 a sion of a spring fixed in a suitable manner.

The switch which takes the place of the one shown at 4, Fig. 16, comprises the following arran ement. A three armed lever 154 is pivote at 33, i. e. the two levers 32 and 154 have a pivot common to both. The short arm of the three armed lever 1 54 rests on the disk 198. The end 155' of the lower one of the long arm has an insulated wipe contact which makes connection with an insulated stud fixed to plate 21.

The normal position of this lever is shown in full lines in Fig. 17 in which position the switch 4 is 011'. The end of the upper arm of lever 154 is pivotally attached to a link 164 the free end of which has a slot 166 (see Fig. 26) in which works a in 162 fixed to a aw] 167 which is pivote to-plate 21 at 17 Spring 169 is attached to the pawl from underneath, and is fixed to bar 164 shutter bar 26 is pivotat 170. The safety (see Fig. 2) and adjaally mounted at 27 cent the pivot is provided with a ratchet tooth 163 (Fig. 26). This tooth co-acts with pawl 167 to prevent pivotal movement of bar 26 until the awl 167 is released by movement of the link 164. The purpose of the slot 166 is to enable the pawl to ride over the tooth 163 (see Figs. 17 and 26) when the safety shutter closes. The switch 4 will operate as follows. When the lever 53? is moved down from C to Bthe short arm of lever 154 will ride on the cam 200, thus the .end 155 will move to the right (Fig. 17) and so switch on the motor; at the same time the upper end of lever 154 will move the link- 164. When the end of the slot 166 engages with the pin 162 the pawl 1 will be moved aside so as to clear the tooth 163 to enable the safety shutter 20 to be opened. When the lever 53 is moved back to osition D or E the cam 200 (Fig. 21) wil come away from under the end of the short arm of lever 154 which will move the end 155 to the 011' position, the pawl again comin against the hub of the safety shutter 20. spring 158 keeps the short arm of the lever 154 always pressed against the disk 198.

The switch 8* will take the place of switch 8. Fig. 16. To the cam 197 is fixed a pin 214 (Fig. 27) .on the periphery thereof. The three armed lever 215 is pivoted to plate 1&0 at 218 the third arm 219 acting as a weight. A bell crank lever 216 is pivoted at 302 and has an insulated contact 303.

When the lever 53 is moved down to the closing gainst the tenposition D (Fig. 17,) the pin 214 will press against the upper arm of the three armed lever 215 thus pressing back the short arm of the bell crank lever 216, and breaki the circuit which contains the switch 8". refcrably this switch isarranged to break the electroma et circuit instead of the motor circuit. 1 hen the pin 204 moves to the position shown in dotted lines at 220 the end ofit trips over the upper arm of the three armed lever 215 and so allows switch 8 to close again. When the lever 53' is moved back to E, the pin 214 will press the upper arm of the three armed lever 215 to the right and trip over it, but in this case nothing happens to the contacts of switch 8, owing to the lever arm of the three armed lever 215 being pressed away from the short arm of the bell crank lever 216. The three armed lever 215 will then return to its origina] normal position shown in full lines.

When'starting the machine the operator 'is unable to move the safety shutter as it 'shown'in full lines in Fig. 2. The lever 168 is thus maintained in the position shown in full lines in'Fig. 17 against the tension of a spring 307. A three armed lever 144 is pivoted at 145 to plate 21. The short arm of this lever acts as a weight to keep the lever always pressed against the set screw 149 screwing into an abutment 305 on plate 21. Theupper arm of this lever has a notch an the lower arm mov'es free. The shutter b r has a pin 148 transversely fixed at the baqk. This arrangement is shown on Figs. 2, 3, and 4.

- n starting the picture the first operation is to move the lever 53 'into position D.

At this stage only switch 8 is opened and closed. The lever 53 is then moved another step to C (Fig. 17). The intermediate shutter 43 is now completely closed. The lever 53 is now moved to B which causes switch 4 to close the motor circuit and at the same time the shutter hub lock is unlocked. When the lever 53- is moved from D toC, switch 8 is closed and remains closed 

